Table 3 Comparison of the mean GRAS total, GRAS subscale, and IMAS total scores with independent variables
From: Young people鈥檚 attitudes toward marriage, gender roles, and related factors
Variable | Egalitarian Gender Role | Female Gender Role | Gender role in marriage | Traditional Gender Role | Male Gender Role | GRAS Total | IMAS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Female | 33.79鈥壜扁赌�6.4 | 30.3鈥壜扁赌�5.46 | 35.3鈥壜扁赌�6.12 | 30.84鈥壜扁赌�6.38 | 24.24鈥壜扁赌�5.25 | 154.46鈥壜扁赌�23.45 | 69.47鈥壜扁赌�16.11 |
Male | 29.6鈥壜扁赌�6.06 | 23.96鈥壜扁赌�5.33 | 28.46鈥壜扁赌�6.25 | 23.5鈥壜扁赌�5.47 | 19.24鈥壜扁赌�5.61 | 124.76鈥壜扁赌�21.14 | 76.74鈥壜扁赌�16 |
Test score (t) | 10.236 | 18.115 | 16.902 | 19.516 | 13.936 | 20.813 | -6.942 |
ap | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* |
Place/institute where data was collected | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Amasya | 34.62鈥壜扁赌�5.43 | 30.41鈥壜扁赌�5.73 | 35.49鈥壜扁赌�5.79 | 30.68鈥壜扁赌�6.79 | 24.53鈥壜扁赌�4.82 | 155.72鈥壜扁赌�23.11 | 69.55鈥壜扁赌�16.57 |
Yozgat | 29.97鈥壜扁赌�6.92 | 25.82鈥壜扁赌�5.73 | 30.39鈥壜扁赌�7.14 | 25.99鈥壜扁赌�6.36 | 20.47鈥壜扁赌�6.17 | 132.65鈥壜扁赌�25 | 74.36鈥壜扁赌�15.88 |
Test score (t) | 12.165 | 13.133 | 12.778 | 11.669 | 11.947 | 15.688 | -4.857 |
ap | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* |
Income Level | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Very high | 27 (21, 32) | 25 (23, 29) | 26 (24, 34) | 28 (23, 30) | 21 (18, 25) | 121 (113, 134) | 72 (64, 84) |
High | 33 (30.5, 39.5) | 29 (25, 34) | 36 (31, 39) | 30 (23, 35) | 24 (19, 28) | 151 (129, 169) | 77 (63, 84) |
Moderate | 34 (29, 38) | 29 (24, 33) | 36 (30, 39) | 29 (24, 34) | 24 (18.5, 27) | 152 (128, 167) | 70 (61, 81.5) |
Low | 33 (27, 37) | 28 (23, 32) | 36 (27, 39) | 25 (23, 33) | 25 (18, 26) | 152 (117, 161) | 76 (63, 85) |
Very low | 26 (19, 27) | 20 (12, 23) | 22 (22, 25) | 20 (16, 25) | 15 (10, 16) | 103 (87, 106) | 71 (63, 98) |
Test score (蠂2) | 73.649 | 41.162 | 85.563 | 35.166 | 38.057 | 77.805 | 12.397 |
bp | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | 0.015* |
Marital status of parents | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Married | 33 (28, 38) | 28 (24, 33) | 36 (29, 39) | 28 (24, 34) | 24 (18, 27) | 149 (124, 167) | 73 (63, 84) |
Divorced | 31 (26, 37) | 29 (24, 34) | 38 (24.5, 40) | 34 (24, 35.5) | 26 (18, 28) | 159 (114, 170) | 69 (60.5, 80.5) |
Living separately | 31 (23, 36) | 23.5 (21, 26.5) | 29 (21, 32.5) | 21 (20, 26.5) | 18 (15, 21) | 113.5 (112, 134) | 76.5 (67.5, 83) |
Test score (蠂2) | 4.661 | 7.881 | 7.797 | 11.313 | 6.448 | 8.974 | 4.449 |
bp | 0.097 | 0.019* | 0.020* | 0.003* | 0.040* | 0.011* | 0.108 |
Family type | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Nuclear family | 32.84鈥壜扁赌�6.56 | 28.33鈥壜扁赌�6.33 | 33.34鈥壜扁赌�6.96 | 28.69鈥壜扁赌�7.18 | 22.72鈥壜扁赌�5.98 | 145.92鈥壜扁赌�26.84 | 72.38鈥壜扁赌�16.12 |
Extended family | 31.67鈥壜扁赌�6.28 | 28.1鈥壜扁赌�5.46 | 32.66鈥壜扁赌�6.67 | 27.8鈥壜扁赌�6.19 | 22.62鈥壜扁赌�5.17 | 142.84鈥壜扁赌�24.59 | 70.08鈥壜扁赌�17.94 |
Fragmented family | 28.16鈥壜扁赌�7.12 | 27.62鈥壜扁赌�6.67 | 30.38鈥壜扁赌�7.38 | 27.97鈥壜扁赌�6.99 | 20.76鈥壜扁赌�6.46 | 134.89鈥壜扁赌�30.82 | 68.89鈥壜扁赌�12.84 |
Test value (F) | 11.015 | 0.325 | 3.809 | 1.503 | 2.003 | 3.891 | 2.283 |
cp | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | 0.723 | 0.022* | 0.223 | 0.135 | 0.021* | 0.102 |
Form of marriage: | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Arranged marriage, without prior knowledge of each other | 31.61鈥壜扁赌�6.91 | 28.29鈥壜扁赌�6.32 | 32.38鈥壜扁赌�7.29 | 27.87鈥壜扁赌�7.32 | 22.4鈥壜扁赌�6.33 | 142.56鈥壜扁赌�28.07 | 71.98鈥壜扁赌�15.46 |
Arranged meeting and mutual approval | 32.9鈥壜扁赌�6.08 | 28.33鈥壜扁赌�5.78 | 33.79鈥壜扁赌�6.42 | 29.19鈥壜扁赌�6.6 | 23.08鈥壜扁赌�5.53 | 147.27鈥壜扁赌�24.63 | 71.01鈥壜扁赌�16.84 |
Met each other and agreed to marry | 32.56鈥壜扁赌�7.13 | 27.98鈥壜扁赌�6.83 | 32.74鈥壜扁赌�7.38 | 27.81鈥壜扁赌�7.44 | 22.15鈥壜扁赌�5.95 | 143.24鈥壜扁赌�28.78 | 72.94鈥壜扁赌�16.76 |
Elopement | 31.08鈥壜扁赌�6.56 | 29.18鈥壜扁赌�5.54 | 31.28鈥壜扁赌�7.34 | 27.85鈥壜扁赌�6.07 | 21.63鈥壜扁赌�5.72 | 141鈥壜扁赌�25.37 | 73.4鈥壜扁赌�14.33 |
Test value (F) | 2.786 | 0.501 | 3.810 | 3.354 | 2.140 | 2.680 | 0.966 |
cp | 0.040* | 0.682 | 0.010* | 0.018* | 0.093 | 0.046* | 0.408 |
How should a marriage decision be made? | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Couples should decide together | 32 (28, 38) | 28 (24, 34) | 36 (28, 39) | 28 (23, 34) | 24 (18, 27) | 149 (121, 168) | 73 (62, 83) |
Parents and relatives should decide together | 26 (20, 26) | 27 (25, 28) | 28 (28, 39) | 28 (27, 39) | 23 (23, 28) | 129 (129, 155) | 54 (54, 65) |
Parents and couples should decide together | 34 (30, 38) | 27 (23, 32) | 35.5 (30, 39) | 29 (24, 34) | 24 (19, 27) | 149.5 (127, 167) | 72 (64, 84) |
Test value (蠂2) | 5.922 | 10.916 | 0.256 | 1.281 | 0.850 | 0.168 | 7.118 |
bp | 0.052 | 0.004* | 0.880 | 0.527 | 0.654 | 0.919 | 0.028* |
Distribution of authority between spouses | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
There should be no authority between spouses | 31.8鈥壜扁赌�7.29 | 28.64鈥壜扁赌�6.33 | 33.32鈥壜扁赌�6.56 | 29.5鈥壜扁赌�6.54 | 23.14鈥壜扁赌�5.71 | 146.39鈥壜扁赌�25.92 | 69.27鈥壜扁赌�19.61 |
Woman should have the authority | 33.43鈥壜扁赌�6.23 | 28.61鈥壜扁赌�6.12 | 34.87鈥壜扁赌�7.68 | 29.67鈥壜扁赌�7.37 | 24.46鈥壜扁赌�5.77 | 151.04鈥壜扁赌�26.01 | 64.3鈥壜扁赌�15.8 |
Man should have the authority | 29.26鈥壜扁赌�4.84 | 21.56鈥壜扁赌�7.39 | 26.28鈥壜扁赌�5.71 | 20.3鈥壜扁赌�4.77 | 17.34鈥壜扁赌�6.8 | 114.74鈥壜扁赌�24.03 | 80.3鈥壜扁赌�15.58 |
Both sides must have authority | 32.76鈥壜扁赌�6.45 | 28.57鈥壜扁赌�5.81 | 33.38鈥壜扁赌�6.84 | 28.68鈥壜扁赌�6.88 | 22.73鈥壜扁赌�5.66 | 146.12鈥壜扁赌�25.86 | 72.37鈥壜扁赌�15.28 |
Test value (F) | 5.572 | 21.807 | 18.454 | 26.682 | 16.399 | 24.466 | 9.834 |
cp | 0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* |
Opinion about marriage | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
I am afraid of marriage | 31.45鈥壜扁赌�7.29 | 28.83鈥壜扁赌�5.77 | 33.27鈥壜扁赌�7.05 | 29.86鈥壜扁赌�6.85 | 22.93鈥壜扁赌�5.75 | 146.35鈥壜扁赌�26.54 | 65.79鈥壜扁赌�16.9 |
I am not afraid of marriage | 33.08鈥壜扁赌�6.02 | 27.9鈥壜扁赌�6.39 | 33鈥壜扁赌�6.87 | 27.61鈥壜扁赌�6.95 | 22.45鈥壜扁赌�5.91 | 144.03鈥壜扁赌�26.66 | 75.63鈥壜扁赌�14.91 |
Test value (t) | -3.826 | 2.425 | 0.642 | 5.211 | 1.330 | 1.393 | -9.766 |
ap | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | 0.015* | 0.521 | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | 0.184 | 0.164 | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* |
Relationship status | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
No relationship | 33 (29, 38) | 28 (23, 33) | 36 (29, 39) | 29 (24, 34) | 24 (19, 27) | 149 (124, 167) | 70 (60, 82) |
In a relationship | 33 (28, 39) | 28 (24, 34) | 36 (28, 39) | 28 (23, 33) | 24 (18, 27) | 149 (119, 167) | 77 (64, 85) |
Engaged | 32 (24, 34) | 24 (21, 27) | 24 (21, 26) | 24 (19, 28) | 18 (11, 21) | 114 (106, 118) | 66 (63, 78) |
Married | 33 (30, 40) | 29.5 (17, 34) | 31 (20, 40) | 26 (14, 33) | 24 (16, 25) | 137.5 (97, 169) | 75.5 (59, 79) |
Test value (蠂2) | 3.243 | 3.670 | 7.404 | 9.908 | 7.763 | 5.859 | 33.277 |
bp | 0.356 | 0.299 | 0.060 | 0.019* | 0.051 | 0.119 | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* |
How does news about domestic violence affect your views on marriage? | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
It makes me feel disenchanted with marriage | 34 (29, 39) | 30 (25, 34) | 37 (30, 39) | 30 (25, 35) | 25 (20, 28) | 156.5 (131, 169) | 70 (60, 81) |
I believe women are at fault | 27 (25, 34) | 23 (16, 26) | 25 (22, 32) | 24 (19, 27) | 19 (14, 23) | 117 (101, 133) | 71 (63, 98) |
I think problems will decrease with a love marriage | 32 (28, 36) | 26 (22, 30) | 32 (27, 37) | 26 (21, 32) | 21 (15, 26) | 133 (114, 156) | 82 (71, 88) |
I believe having children will reduce the problem of violence | 34 (25, 37) | 23 (20, 25) | 33 (28, 34) | 24 (19, 27) | 20 (17, 25) | 136 (112, 143) | 83 (78, 94) |
Test value (蠂2) | 42.811 | 101.242 | 100.371 | 98.324 | 62.596 | 103.442 | 95.594 |
bp | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* | &濒迟;鈥�0.001* |