Ó£»¨ÊÓƵ

Authors who publish open access in Ó£»¨ÊÓƵ are required to pay an article processing charge (APC). The APC price will be determined from the date on which the article is accepted for publication.

The current APC, subject to VAT or local taxes where applicable, is: £2490.00/$3190.00/€2890.00*

*This journal is part of Springer Nature’s country-tiered APC pricing pilot. about the APC applicable to your country.

Visit and for further information.

Open access funding

Visit Springer Nature’s for information about research funders and institutions that provide funding for APCs.

Springer Nature offers agreements that enable institutions to cover open access publishing costs. Learn more about our to check your eligibility and discover whether this journal is included.

Requests for APC waivers and discounts from authors will be considered on a case-by-case basis, and may be granted in cases of financial need (see for more information). All applications for discretionary APC waivers and discounts should be made at the point of manuscript submission; requests made during the review process or after acceptance are unable to be considered.

For information about the APC applicable for articles accepted for publication next year, please see .