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Table 2 Characteristics of children under-5 by place of residence in selected East African countries (2016–2022)

From: Residence-based disparities of composite index of anthropometric failures in East African under five children; multivariate decomposition analysis

Characteristics

EDHS 2019

KDHS 2022

RDHS 2019

UDHS 2016

TDHS 2022

Outcome variable (CIAF)%

40.69

22.04

34.06

31.99

33.27

Residence

Rural (%)

Urban

(%)

Rural

(%)

Urban

(%)

Rural

(%)

Urban

(%)

Rural

(%)

Urban

(%)

Rural

(%)

Urban

(%)

Proportion

74.96

25.04

64.06

35.94

83.32

16.68

79.62

20.38

73.22

26.78

Sex of child (%)

Chi2(1),0.6

Chi2(1),1.2

Chi2(1),0.1

Chi2(1),0.6

Chi2(1),0.12

 M²¹±ô±ð

38.02

12.88

32.51

18.15

42.07

7.98

40.20

10.22

36.97

13.84

 F±ð³¾²¹±ô±ð

36.94

12.16

31.55

17.79

41.24

8.70

39.42

10.16

36.25

12.94

Age of child (months) (%)

Chi2(2),11**

Chi2(2),1.8

Chi2(2),3.1

Chi2(2),6

Chi2(2),1.1

 &±ô³Ù; 6

8.14

2.38

6.96

3.78

8.70

1.33

8.64

1.53

8.28

2.76

 6–23

21.26

8.40

20.40

11.31

26.48

5.28

25.22

7.17

23.67

8.83

 24–59

45.56

14.26

36.69

20.85

48.13

10.07

45.77

11.67

41.27

15.20

Birth order (%)

Chi2(2),239***

Chi2(2),360***

Chi2(2),26***

Chi2(2), 55***

Chi2(2),89***

 1 child

14.03

7.38

16.49

11.66

18.77

4.87

14.50

4.61

15.15

7.21

 2–3

21.93

10.36

24.73

17.29

34.84

7.25

25.68

8.68

26.48

11.99

 ≥ 4

39.01

7.29

22.84

7.00

29.70

4.57

39.45

7.08

31.59

7.58

Type of birth (%)

Chi2(1),1.4

Chi2(1),0.01

Chi2(1),8**

Chi2(1),0.02

Chi2(1),4.5*

â€ÇȾ±²Ô²µ±ô±ð³Ù´Ç²Ô

73.39

24.43

62.13

34.99

81.39

16.04

77.13

19.72

71.65

25.87

 M³Ü±ô³Ù¾±±è±ô±ð

1.57

0.61

1.92

0.95

1.93

0.65

2.50

0.66

1.57

0.91

Birth interval (%)

Chi2(1),2.4

Chi2(1),1.2

Chi2(1),2.3

Chi2(1),0.1

Chi2(1),13.5***

 < 24 months

16.55

4.32

11.45

5.23

11.43

12.59

19.26

4.29

13.32

2.93

 ≥ 24 months

61.12

18.01

54.82

28.50

73.21

2.78

61.38

15.07

61.54

22.21

Mother’s age (years) (%)

Chi2(2),12**

Chi2(2),81***

Chi2(2),6.7*

Chi2(2),4.7

Chi2(2),15**

 15–24

16.81

6.09

18.51

7.91

12.54

2.65

25.78

5.84

22.13

6.23

 25–34

39.86

14.14

30.96

20.52

40.40

8.85

35.21

10.52

32.43

13.58

 35–49

18.29

4.81

14.59

7.51

30.38

5.19

18.63

4.01

18.66

6.97

Mother’s education (%)

Chi2(2),749***

Chi2(2),767***

Chi2(2),352***

Chi2(2),435***

Chi2(2),330***

 No formal education

45.63

7.96

8.34

2.17

11.14

0.90

10.18

0.90

20.04

1.86

 P°ù¾±³¾²¹°ù²â

25.10

10.29

28.29

9.51

57.48

7.38

53.71

7.96

42.60

14.98

 Secondary and above

4.23

6.79

27.43

24.25

14.69

8.40

15.73

11.52

20.04

1.86

Source of drinking water (%)

Chi2(1),186***

Chi2(1),322***

Chi2(1),64***

Chi2(1),85***

Chi2(1),440.5***

 U²Ô¾±³¾±è°ù´Ç±¹±ð»å

30.77

5.42

9.91

24.61

21.45

2.40

22.67

2.14

32.48

2.00

 I³¾±è°ù´Ç±¹±ð»å

44.19

19.62

26.03

39.45

61.87

14.28

56.95

18.24

40.74

24.78

Toilet facilities (%)

Chi2(1),88***

Chi2(1),76***

Chi2(1),96***

Chi2(1),515***

Chi2(1),990***

 U²Ô¾±³¾±è°ù´Ç±¹±ð»å

68.33

15.79

32.37

4.21

27.56

2.27

59.42

5.95

51.61

3.74

 I³¾±è°ù´Ç±¹±ð»å

6.64

9.24

31.69

31.73

55.76

14.41

20.20

14.43

21.61

23.04

Family size (%)

Chi2(2),68***

Chi2(2),427***

Chi2(2),7.6*

Chi2(2),65***

Chi2(2),111.3***

 1–4 individuals

19.80

8.92

19.60

18.28

30.33

6.10

20.29

8.43

18.89

10.93

 5–9 individuals

49.79

14.36

39.30

16.34

50.96

10.01

49.80

10.92

43.16

13.93

 ≥ 10 individuals

5.38

1.76

5.15

1.32

2.02

0.57

9.54

1.03

11.17

1.92

Number of U5C in a household (%)

Chi2(2),74***

Chi2(2),267***

Chi2(2),20***

Chi2(2),75***

Chi2(2),136***

 1 child

28.63

10.96

28.96

21.32

36.77

8.60

21.61

8.35

24.26

13.96

 2 children

34.99

11.48

25.33

11.95

38.12

5.83

38.36

8.92

32.70

10.11

 ≥ 3 children

11.35

2.59

9.77

2.67

8.43

2.25

19.66

3.11

16.26

2.71

Wealth quintile (%)

Chi2(4),89***

Chi2(4),91***

Chi2(4),950***

Chi2(4),76***

Chi2(4),97***

 P´Ç´Ç°ù±ð²õ³Ù

20.99

1.97

22.38

0.78

21.74

1.28

6.79

12.56

22.93

0.20

 P´Ç´Ç°ù±ð°ù

20.62

1.45

17.07

1.35

19.72

0.69

14.62

3.09

19.44

0.35

 M¾±»å»å±ô±ð

17.42

1.37

14.48

3.04

17.88

1.38

17.89

1.87

16.65

2.95

 R¾±³¦³ó±ð°ù

12.73

4.92

8.35

11.70

15.51

3.49

14.62

3.09

10.57

10.19

 R¾±³¦³ó±ð²õ³Ù

3.20

15.33

1.78

19.07

8.47

9.84

6.79

12.56

3.63

13.09

  1. ***Significant < 0.001, **Significant < 0.01, **Significant < 0.05, EDHS Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, KDHS Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey, RDHS Rwandan Demographic and Health Survey, UDHS Ugandan Demographic and Health Survey, and TDHS Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey