Ó£»¨ÊÓƵ

Skip to main content

Table 1 Trends in YLDs and ASYR for smoking-attributable BVL by Country, Region, and gender from 1990 to 2021

From: Global, regional, and national burden of blindness and vision loss attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021, and forecasts to 2030: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Location

Blindness and vision loss

Cataract

Age-related macular degeneration

YLDs, in thousands (95% UI)

Age-standardized YLDs rate(95% UI)

AAPC (95% CI)

YLDs, in thousands (95% UI)

Age-standardized YLDs rat(95% UI)

AAPC (95% CI)

YLDs, in thousands (95% UI)

Age-standardized YLDs rate(95% UI)

AAPC (95% CI)

1990

2021

1990

2021

1990

2021

1990

2021

1990

2021

1990

2021

Global

202.09 (143.94-279.97)

284.03(198.43-393.38)

5.15 (3.69–7.1)

3.27 (2.29–4.54)

-1.43

(-1.56, -1.3)

162.08(115.04-221.81)

225.17 (160.7-315.1)

4.11 (2.94–5.63)

2.60 (1.85–3.63)

-1.44(-1.58, -1.29)

40.01 (21.92–65.05)

58.86 (31.94–96.95)

1.04 (0.57–1.7)

0.68 (0.37–1.11)

-1.39(-1.57, -1.2)

Sex

Female

41.81 (28.82–58.15)

53.71 (37.01–76.67)

2 (1.37–2.76)

1.16 (0.8–1.65)

-1.71(-1.83, -1.58)

30.55(21.97–41.65)

40.29 (28.39–56.8)

1.45 (1.05–1.97)

0.87 (0.61–1.23)

-1.6(-1.78, -1.42)

11.26 (5.87–19.05)

13.42 (6.91–22.73)

0.54 (0.28–0.91)

0.29 (0.15–0.49)

-2.04(-2.15, -1.94)

Male

160.27 (113.7-222.79)

230.33(161.74-319.89)

9.04 (6.48–12.55)

5.71 (4.01–7.9)

-1.45(-1.58, -1.33)

131.53(93.03-180.12)

184.88(130.57-258.51)

7.38 (5.3–10.1)

4.59 (3.24–6.39)

-1.49(-1.64, -1.35)

28.75(16.02–46.06)

45.44(24.71–74.18)

1.67 (0.94–2.68)

1.12 (0.62–1.84)

-1.25(-1.46, -1.04)

SDI region

High SDI

23.66 (16.14–33.71)

26 (17.59–37.53)

2.17 (1.48–3.09)

1.30 (0.88–1.86)

-1.63(-1.69, -1.58)

15.33(10.71–21.85)

17.23 (11.58–25.17)

1.42 (0.99–2.03)

0.89 (0.6–1.31)

-1.48(-1.54, -1.42)

8.33 (4.52–13.73)

8.77 (4.69–14.79)

0.75 (0.4–1.23)

0.41 (0.22–0.69)

-1.94(-1.99, -1.89)

High-middle SDI

38.37 (26.72–54.13)

62.22 (43.12–88.86)

3.9 (2.73–5.51)

3.12 (2.17–4.44)

-0.68(-0.89, -0.47)

27.35(19.45–37.92)

44.39 (31.1-63.25)

2.77 (1.96–3.83)

2.25 (1.58–3.19)

-0.62(-0.78, -0.45)

11.01 (6.07–17.78)

17.83 (9.7-28.88)

1.13 (0.62–1.82)

0.87 (0.47–1.42)

-0.81(-0.96, -0.67)

Middle SDI

62.71 (44.33–87.34)

97.87(68.41-135.71)

6.33 (4.51–8.73)

3.65 (2.56–5.05)

-1.73

(-1.9, -1.57)

51.86 (36.9-71.64)

78.23 (55.3-110.58)

5.22 (3.72–7.17)

2.93 (2.08–4.13)

-1.81(-1.99, -1.62)

10.86 (5.97–17.68)

19.64 (10.63–32.02)

1.11 (0.62–1.8)

0.73 (0.39–1.19)

-1.36(-1.64, -1.08)

Low-middle SDI

65.1 (46.48–89.68)

81.82(57.84-114.33)

11.33(8.08–15.62)

5.92 (4.18–8.29)

-2.07(-2.14, -2)

57.28 40.92–78.51)

72.05 (51.67–99.41)

9.97 (7.16–13.55)

5.22 (3.72–7.18)

-2.05(-2.09, -2.02)

7.82 (4.31–12.56)

9.77 (5.36–16.2)

1.36 (0.74–2.19)

0.71 (0.39–1.17)

-2.05

(-2.3, -1.79)

Low SDI

12.1 (8.49–16.69)

15.96 (11.02–22.46)

5.81 (4.09-8)

3.37 (2.33–4.77)

-1.74(-1.82, -1.67)

10.16 (7.09–13.91)

13.14 (9.35–18.24)

4.87 (3.44–6.55)

2.77 (1.97–3.83)

-1.8(-1.84, -1.76)

1.95 (1.06–3.17)

2.82 (1.51–4.72)

0.93 (0.51–1.52)

0.6 (0.32–1.02)

-1.39(-1.47, -1.31)

Region

Andean Latin America

0.68 (0.46–0.99)

1.21 (0.78–1.83)

3.47 (2.32–5.09)

2.08 (1.34–3.16)

-1.62(-1.79, -1.45)

0.6 (0.4–0.88)

1.01 (0.64–1.56)

3.05 (2.01–4.5)

1.73 (1.09–2.69)

-1.79(-1.95, -1.63)

0.08 (0.04–0.14)

0.2 (0.1–0.35)

0.42 (0.23–0.73)

0.35 (0.18–0.6)

-0.6(-0.68, -0.51)

Australasia

0.36 (0.24–0.52)

0.45 (0.29–0.66)

1.54 (1.01–2.24)

0.88 (0.57–1.29)

-1.79(-1.84, -1.74)

0.24 (0.16–0.34)

0.31 (0.2–0.46)

1.04 (0.7–1.48)

0.62 (0.41–0.94)

-1.62

(-1.7, -1.54)

0.12 (0.06–0.21)

0.14 (0.07–0.25)

0.51 (0.26–0.86)

0.26 (0.13–0.46)

-2.17(-2.29, -2.05)

Caribbean

0.75 (0.51–1.1)

0.83 (0.54–1.23)

2.9 (1.98–4.23)

1.53 (1- 2.28)

-2.05(-2.09, -2)

0.68 (0.47-1)

0.74 (0.49–1.1)

2.64 (1.78–3.88)

1.37 (0.9–2.04)

-2.1(-2.15, -2.05)

0.07 (0.03–0.11)

0.09 (0.05–0.15)

0.26 (0.13–0.44)

0.16 (0.08–0.28)

-1.54(-1.63, -1.46)

Central Asia

1.29 (0.89–1.83)

2.01 (1.36–2.84)

2.7 (1.87–3.85)

2.41 (1.65–3.43)

-0.37(-0.42, -0.31)

1.15 (0.79–1.64)

1.77 (1.21–2.51)

2.41 (1.66–3.43)

2.13 (1.45–3.01)

-0.4(-0.47, -0.33)

0.14 (0.08–0.23)

0.23 (0.13–0.4)

0.29 (0.16–0.49)

0.28 (0.15–0.48)

-0.11(-0.17, -0.04)

Central Europe

2.97 (2.01–4.33)

2.74 (1.83-4)

1.98 (1.34–2.87)

1.30 (0.87–1.88)

-1.36(-1.41, -1.31)

1.94 (1.33–2.77)

1.7 (1.15–2.45)

1.31 (0.9–1.86)

0.83 (0.56–1.2)

-1.47(-1.49, -1.45)

1.03 (0.55–1.7)

1.04 (0.56–1.76)

0.67 (0.36–1.09)

0.47 (0.26–0.8)

-1.15(-1.24, -1.06)

Central Latin America

2.91 (2.04–4.04)

3.27 (2.22–4.79)

3.66 (2.57–5.12)

1.32 (0.9–1.93)

-3.24(-3.31, -3.16)

2.55 (1.77–3.55)

2.78 (1.89–3.99)

3.19 (2.24–4.47)

1.12 (0.77–1.62)

-3.31(-3.38, -3.24)

0.36 (0.2–0.6)

0.49 (0.26–0.83)

0.47 (0.25–0.78)

0.20 (0.1–0.33)

-2.79(-2.86, -2.73)

Central Sub-Saharan Africa

0.13 (0.09–0.19)

0.23 (0.16–0.33)

0.59 (0.4–0.84)

0.40 (0.27–0.58)

-1.22(-1.28, -1.16)

0.12 (0.08–0.17)

0.2 (0.14–0.29)

0.52 (0.35–0.72)

0.34 (0.23–0.48)

-1.33

(-1.4, -1.26)

0.02 (0.01–0.03)

0.03 (0.02–0.05)

0.07 (0.04–0.13)

0.06 (0.03–0.1)

-0.54(-0.65, -0.43)

East Asia

41.88 (29.26–59.51)

83.55 (57.33-120.52)

5.03 (3.57–7.15)

3.76 (2.58–5.42)

-0.91(-1.15, -0.66)

31.91 (22.46–44.32)

60.3 (41.34–85.03)

3.82 (2.7–5.26)

2.74 (1.88–3.87)

-0.95(-1.22, -0.68)

9.97 (5.48–16.34)

23.25(12.94–37.74)

1.21(0.67–1.96)

1.02 (0.57–1.65)

-0.54(-0.76, -0.31)

Eastern Europe

3.54 (2.47–5.02)

3.99 (2.76–5.54)

1.28 (0.89–1.79)

1.18 (0.82–1.65)

-0.24

(-0.3, -0.17)

3 (2.13–4.27)

3.39 (2.36–4.81)

1.09 (0.77–1.54)

1.01 (0.71–1.44)

-0.21

(-0.3, -0.12)

0.55 (0.27–0.89)

0.6 (0.3–1.01)

0.19 (0.09–0.3)

0.17 (0.08–0.28)

-0.4(-0.51, -0.29)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

2.37 (1.64–3.35)

3.09 (2.11–4.39)

3.25 (2.26–4.65)

1.80 (1.22–2.6)

-1.88(-1.92, -1.85)

1.79 (1.25–2.44)

2.4 (1.68–3.36)

2.4 (1.68–3.29)

1.36 (0.95–1.9)

-1.81(-1.83, -1.79)

0.58 (0.31–0.95)

0.69 (0.37–1.15)

0.85 (0.46–1.42)

0.44 (0.23–0.74)

-2.1

(-2.2, -2.01)

High-income Asia Pacific

3.3 (2.26–4.64)

3.61 (2.43–5.1)

1.64 (1.13–2.3)

0.86 (0.58–1.2)

-2.07(-2.11, -2.03)

2.57 (1.8–3.63)

2.73 (1.85–3.97)

1.27 (0.9–1.8)

0.67 (0.46–0.96)

-2.03(-2.07, -1.99)

0.73 (0.38–1.18)

0.88 (0.44–1.47)

0.37 (0.2–0.59)

0.18 (0.09–0.31)

-2.21(-2.24, -2.18)

High-income North America

6.16 (4.22–8.72)

6.7 (4.38–9.83)

1.78 (1.22–2.51)

1.05 (0.69–1.52)

-1.69(-1.74, -1.63)

4.66 (3.17–6.75)

4.99 (3.3–7.62)

1.36 (0.93–1.97)

0.80 (0.53–1.21)

-1.68(-1.72, -1.63)

1.51 (0.77–2.59)

1.71 (0.87–3.04)

0.42 (0.22–0.71)

0.25 (0.13–0.44)

-1.67(-1.74, -1.59)

North Africa and Middle East

12.67 (8.84–17.88)

20.93 (14.26–29.83)

7.87 (5.51–11.12)

4.71 (3.2–6.65)

-1.63(-1.67, -1.6)

9.74 (6.77–13.56)

15.32 (10.76–21.67)

6.06 (4.19–8.53)

3.43 (2.4–4.82)

-1.82(-1.85, -1.79)

2.93 (1.61–4.85)

5.61 (3.06–9.46)

1.81 (0.99–3.03)

1.29 (0.69–2.18)

-1.09(-1.11, -1.06)

Oceania

0.2 (0.13–0.28)

0.39 (0.26–0.59)

6.19 (4.13–8.69)

4.71 (3.17–7.04)

-0.89(-0.95, -0.83)

0.19 (0.12–0.26)

0.37 (0.25–0.55)

5.83 (3.86–8.17)

4.46 (3.02–6.63)

-0.87(-0.93, -0.8)

0.01 (0.01–0.02)

0.02 (0.01–0.03)

0.37 (0.19–0.64)

0.25 (0.13–0.43)

-1.25(-1.56, -0.95)

South Asia

71.43 (50.49–97.82)

90.15 (63.3-127.62)

13.43 (9.57–18.48)

6.38 (4.51–9.04)

-2.37

(-2.4, -2.33)

62.5 (44.76–85.73)

79.61 (56.69-110.78)

11.76 (8.4-15.95)

5.64 (4.01–7.85)

-2.34(-2.39, -2.29)

8.93 (4.96–14.52)

10.54 (5.64–17.53)

1.67 (0.91–2.68)

0.74 (0.39–1.23)

-2.52

(-2.8, -2.24)

Southeast Asia

22.12 (15.74–30.8)

31.6 (22.31–43.58)

9.09 (6.49–12.58)

4.88 (3.46–6.72)

-2(-2.05, -1.95)

19.52 (13.92–26.8)

27.76 (19.57–38.61)

7.98 (5.68–10.92)

4.28 (3.03–5.92)

-2(-2.04, -1.96)

2.6 (1.44–4.21)

3.84 (2.04–6.31)

1.11 (0.62–1.79)

0.60 (0.32–0.97)

-1.98(-2.03, -1.94)

Southern Latin America

0.95 (0.64–1.38)

1.06 (0.7–1.55)

2.04 (1.37–2.98)

1.25 (0.83–1.83)

-1.57(-1.61, -1.52)

0.78 (0.53–1.15)

0.87 (0.56–1.3)

1.68 (1.13–2.46)

1.04 (0.67–1.53)

-1.55(-1.59, -1.51)

0.17 (0.09–0.29)

0.19 (0.09–0.32)

0.36 (0.18–0.62)

0.21 (0.11–0.37)

-1.66(-1.73, -1.58)

Southern Sub-Saharan Africa

1.48 (1.03–2.11)

1.11 (0.75–1.55)

5.48 (3.76–7.79)

1.86 (1.27–2.58)

-3.41(-3.47, -3.35)

1.39 (0.96–1.98)

1 (0.68–1.39)

5.1 (3.53–7.18)

1.67 (1.14–2.31)

-3.52(-3.59, -3.44)

0.1 (0.05–0.16)

0.11 (0.06–0.18)

0.38 (0.21–0.65)

0.19 (0.1–0.32)

-2.22(-2.31, -2.13)

Tropica Latin America

6.13 (4.18–8.71)

7.48 (4.88–11.31)

6.89 (4.74–9.88)

2.92 (1.91–4.43)

-2.73(-2.83, -2.63)

5.46 (3.69–7.7)

6.41 (4.13–9.64)

6.12 (4.13–8.67)

2.50(1.62–3.77)

-2.84(-2.93, -2.74)

0.67 (0.36–1.11)

1.07 (0.55–1.88)

0.77 (0.42–1.28)

0.41 (0.21–0.72)

-1.97(-2.04, -1.91)

Western Europe

19.01 (12.41–27.39)

16.35 (10.74–24.33)

3.38 (2.24–4.82)

1.87 (1.24–2.73)

-1.89(-1.93, -1.85)

9.95 (6.81–14.29)

8.94 (5.89–12.97)

1.84 (1.26–2.61)

1.08 (0.72–1.61)

-1.67

(-1.7, -1.65)

9.06 (4.81–14.78)

7.41 (3.85–12.45)

1.55 (0.82–2.51)

0.79 (0.41–1.31)

-2.16(-2.21, -2.12)

Western Sub-Saharan Africa

1.75 (1.2–2.51)

3.29 (2.24–4.8)

2.04 (1.39–2.91)

1.64 (1.11–2.42)

-0.71(-0.77, -0.65)

1.36 (0.93–1.91)

2.57 (1.73–3.66)

1.57 (1.08–2.2)

1.26 (0.85–1.82)

-0.71(-0.76, -0.66)

0.39 (0.21–0.67)

0.72 (0.37–1.27)

0.47 (0.25–0.79)

0.38 (0.19–0.66)

-0.68(-0.84, -0.52)