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From: Joint effects of temperature and humidity with PM2.5 on COPD
Associations of odds ratio (OR) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with particulate matter of an aerodynamic diameter of鈥�&濒迟;鈥�2.5聽渭m (PM2.5) were analyzed, considering the joint effect by quartiles of temperature. Two-factor models were fitted for the OR for COPD, with four degrees of freedom restricted, and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status. The temperature was divided into quartiles: first quartile (Q1), second quartile (Q2), third quartile (Q3), and fourth quartile (Q4), and joined into the PM2.5 analysis using the GAMLSS model to assess their joint effects on COPD risk. Asterisks (*) mark statistically significant associations where p鈥�&濒迟;鈥�0.05