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From: Joint effects of temperature and humidity with PM2.5 on COPD

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Exposure–response relationship between the particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and the odds ratio (OR) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The solid line represents the OR for COPD, given the daily mean and difference in PM2.5 exposure. The shaded area shows the 95% CI, reflecting the precision of the OR estimate. Covariates adjusted for in the models were age, sex, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). The numbers in blue denote the OR at specific PM2.5 levels, with the corresponding red numbers indicating the PM2.5 concentration. Asterisks (*) mark statistically significant associations where p < 0.05. The dashed green line across the OR of 1.0 serves as a reference

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