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Mean of Global PSQI score^a (SD)

7.4 (± 3.0)

6.8 (± 3.0)

6.9 (± 3.0)

 • Mean of subjective sleep quality subscale

1.4 (± 1.1)

1.3 (± 0.9)

1.3 (± 1.0)

 • Mean of sleep duration subscale

1.6 (± 1.1)^e

(± 0.8)

1.2 (± 1.0)

 • Mean of sleep latency subscale

0.9 (± 0.9)

(± 0.9)

1 (± 0.9)

 • Mean of habitual sleep efficiency subscale

0.4 (± 0.8)

(± 0.9)

0.5 (± 0.9)

 • Mean of sleep disturbances subscale

1.5 (± 0.6)

(± 0.5)

1.4 (± 0.6)

 • Mean of use of sleep medication subscale

0.3 (± 0.6)

0.3 (± 0.7)

0.3 (± 0.6)

 • Mean of daytime dysfunction subscale

1.2 (± 0.9)

1.3 (± 0.9)

1.3 (± 0.9)

Percentage of recruits with poor sleep quality (> 5)

82.4%

79.5%

80.3%

Mean number of days naps were taken per week (SD)

2.8 (± 2.5)

3.4 (± 2)

3.3 (± 2.2)

Mean of actual sleeping hours at the bed per night (SD)

6 (± 2.3)

6.5 (± 1.7)

6.4 (± 1.9)

Percentage of recruits who sleep 7–9 h

21.6%

40.2%

34.8%

Percentage of recruits who sleep 5 < 7 h

31.4%

48%

43.3%

Percentage of recruits who sleep < 5 h

31.4%

3.9%

11.8%

Mean of sleep hygiene index score^b (SD)

22.7 (± 6.8)^e

18.8 (± 6.4)

20.7 (± 6.7)

Mean of sleep knowledge score^c (SD)

11.8 (± 3.1)

^e13.5 (± 1.8)

13.0 (± 2.4)

Not considered sleeping 7–9 h a day (pre contemplation)

25.5%

15.2%

18.2%

Intend to sleep 7–9 h a day for the next six months (contemplation)

27.5%

16.8%

19.9%

Intend to sleep 7–9 h a day for the next 30 days (preparation)

19.6%

24.8%

23.3%

Already sleep 7–9 h a day, but for less than 6 months (action)

9.8%

13.6%

12.5%

Already sleep 7–9 h a day, for more than 6 months (maintenance)

17.6%

29.6%

26.1%

Activity levels based on total METs (%):

 Inactive (< 600 METS-min/week)

2%

4.7%

3.9%

 Minimally active (600–1499 METs-min/week)

21.6%

26%

24.7%

 Highly active (≥ 1500 METs-min/week)

76.5%

69.3%

71.3%

Nutritional and lifestyle behaviors variables

 Mean intake of Breakfast per week^d (SD)

5.9 (± 2)

5.7 (± 2)

5.8 (± 2)

 Mean intake of Vegetables per week (SD)

4.7 (± 2.3)

5.2 (± 1.8)

5.0 (± 2)

 Mean intake of Fruits per week (SD)

4.3 (± 2)

4.9 (± 1.8)

4.7 (± 1.9)

 Mean intake of Milk/dairy products per week (SD)

4.8 (± 2.1)

4.8 (± 2.3)

4.8 (± 2.1)

 Mean intake of Sugar-sweetened drinks per week (SD)

3.8 (± 2.1)

3.6 (± 2.5)

3.7 (± 2.2)

 Mean intake of Energy drinks per week (SD)

2.2 (± 2.2)^e

0.7 (± 1.5)

1.1 (± 1.9)

 Mean Screen time per day (SD)

5.8 (± 4.3)

5.6 (± 3)

5.6 (± 3.4)