Lean diabetes: 20-year trends in its prevalence and clinical features among Korean adults

Table 3 Comparison of comorbidities and biochemical profiles by BMI category among adults with T2DM, KNHANES 2019鈥�2021 (n鈥�=鈥�2,284)

听	BMI鈥�<鈥�23听kg/m²	BMI鈥夆墺鈥�23听kg/m²	P value ^*
Sample size	547	1,737	听
Medical history and comorbidities	听	听	听
Hypertension (%) ^a	49.3 (2.7)	71.2 (1.6)	&濒迟;鈥�0.0001
Dyslipidemia (%) ^b	51.2 (3.1)	61.9 (1.7)	0.0022
Metabolic syndrome (%) ^c	52.6 (2.9)	88.8 (1.1)	&濒迟;鈥�0.0001
Myocardial infarction (%)	6.0 (1.7)	4.6 (0.7)	0.4526
Angina (%)	6.1 (1.3)	7.2 (0.8)	0.4631
Stroke (%)	5.3 (1.2)	7.6 (1.0)	0.1086
Cancers (%)	9.8 (1.7)	7.8 (0.9)	0.3020
Kidney disease (%)	2.6 (1.2)	1.5 (0.4)	0.3966
Liver cirrhosis (%)	1.2 (0.8)	0.4 (0.2)	0.3214
Diabetic retinopathy (%)	30.0 (3.4)	22.4 (1.8)	0.0529
Biochemical variables	听	听	听
FPG (mg/dL)	132.3 (2.2)	135.6 (1.3)	0.2254
HbA1c (%)	7.2 (0.1)	7.2 (0.04)	0.6800
Insulin (uIU/mL)	6.9 (0.4)	11.6 (0.3)	&濒迟;鈥�0.0001
HOMA-IR	2.3 (0.1)	4.0 (0.1)	&濒迟;鈥�0.0001
贬翱惭础-尾	41.3 (2.7)	69.5 (2.3)	&濒迟;鈥�0.0001
BUN (mg/dL)	18.2 (0.4)	17.5 (0.2)	0.0907
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.88 (0.02)	0.88 (0.01)	0.9411
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	162.6 (2.3)	161.9 (1.3)	0.7924
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	49.0 (0.7)	45.3 (0.4)	&濒迟;鈥�0.0001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	121.1 (4.2)	150.6 (3.2)	&濒迟;鈥�0.0001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	103.7 (5.7)	92.4 (3.1)	0.0886
Positive urine protein (%) ^d	16.5 (2.0)	22.0 (1.4)	0.0179

Abbreviations: KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; HOMA- 尾, HOMA-beta cell function; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein
Note: All results are weighted and presented as mean and standard error (SE) for continuous variables and percentage and SE for categorical variables
^*P values for differences by two BMI categories were obtained using general linear models after adjusting for age, sex, and duration of diabetes
^a Hypertension is defined as an affirmative answer to whether taking prescribed medicine for high BP or hypertension or SBP鈥夆墺鈥�140 mmHg or DBP鈥夆墺鈥�90 mmHg
^b Dyslipidemia is defined as total cholesterol鈥夆墺鈥�240听mg/dL or an affirmative answer to whether taking prescribed medicine for high cholesterol
^c Metabolic syndrome is defined as having at least three out of five clinical risk factors (abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, elevated serum triglycerides, and low serum HDL cholesterol)
^d Positive urine protein is defined as the detection of any protein using a dipstick test

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