Table 1 Differences in maternal, child, and household exposures by child sex
| 听 | All Children (n鈥�=鈥�7402) | Boys (n鈥�=鈥�3619) | Girls (n鈥�=鈥�3783) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Characteristics | n (%) | 听 | ||
Maternal stunting, height鈥�<鈥�145听cm | 210 (3.0) | 110 (3.1) | 100 (3.0) | 0.74 |
Adolescent mother, 补驳别鈥夆墹鈥�19 | 919 (12.8) | 473 (12.9) | 446 (12.7) | 0.84 |
Maternal education | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥� Higher education | 383 (5.3) | 201 (5.5) | 182 (5.2) | 0.89 |
鈥� Secondary (junior/senior) | 2650 (36.9) | 1345 (36.6) | 1305 (37.2) | 听 |
鈥働谤颈尘补谤测 | 3343 (46.6) | 1720 (46.8) | 1623 (46.3) | 听 |
鈥� Preschool | 121 (1.7) | 65 (1.8) | 56 (1.6) | 听 |
鈥� None | 679 (9.5) | 341 (9.3) | 338 (9.7) | 听 |
Marital status | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥侨颈苍驳濒别 | 1171 (16.3) | 606 (16.5) | 565 (16.1) | 0.45 |
鈥僊arried/Cohabitating (mono) | 4897 (68.2) | 2494 (67.9) | 2403 (68.6) | 听 |
鈥僊arried (polygynous) | 439 (6.1) | 239 (6.5) | 200 (5.7) | 听 |
鈥僕颈诲辞飞别诲/厂别辫补谤补迟别诲/顿颈惫辞谤肠别诲 | 669 (9.3) | 333 (9.1) | 336 (9.6) | 听 |
Maternal diet qualityb | 3847 (53.7) | 1992 (54.3) | 1856 (53.0) | 0.27 |
Perception of child appetite | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥働辞辞谤 | 1032 (13.9) | 504 (13.3) | 528 (14.6) | 0.11 |
鈥倾惫别谤补驳别 | 1857 (25.1) | 930 (24.6) | 927 (25.6) | 听 |
鈥僄辞辞诲 | 4519 (61.0) | 2351 (62.1) | 2168 (59.8) | 听 |
Knowledge about infant feedingc | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僂xclusive breastfeeding | 3041 (42.4) | 1554 (42.3) | 1487 (42.5) | 0.90 |
鈥僀omplementary feeding | 3906 (74.3) | 2026 (74.1) | 1880 (74.4) | 0.83 |
鈥僃eeding when sick | 2926 (40.9) | 1493 (40.8) | 1433 (41.1) | 0.76 |
Child Characteristics | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Child age (months), 尘别补苍鈥�+鈥塖顿 | 11.1 (6.9) | 11.2 (6.8) | 11.1 (7.0) | 0.49 |
Low birth weight, &濒迟;鈥�2500驳尘 | 1676 (22.7) | 808 (21.4) | 868 (24.0) | 0.006 |
Diarrhea, in past two weeks | 2583 (34.5) | 1371 (35.9) | 1212 (33.1) | 0.01 |
Diarrhea treated by health care professional | 1673 (64.9) | 906 (66.2) | 767 (63.4) | 0.14 |
Deworming treatment | 2399 (32.1) | 1245 (32.6) | 1154 (31.5) | 0.32 |
Vit A supplementation | 4184 (55.9) | 2181 (57.1) | 2003 (54.7) | 0.04 |
Diet qualityd | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僊inimum diet diversity | 1073 (19.3) | 559 (52.1) | 514 (47.9) | 0.87 |
鈥僊inimum meal frequency | 2329 (44.5) | 1220 (44.9) | 1109 (44.2) | 0.53 |
鈥僊inimum acceptable diet | 803 (14.4) | 381 (14.2) | 422 (14.6) | 0.66 |
Iron rich foodse | 3776 (68.2) | 1940 (67.5) | 1836 (68.8) | 0.29 |
Prelacteal feedingf | 51 (0.7) | 25 (0.7) | 26 (0.7) | 0.77 |
Gripe waterg | 1384 (18.6) | 761 (20.0) | 623 (17.1) | 0.001 |
Exclusive breastfeedingh | 1322 (68.1) | 622 (65.8) | 700 (70.4) | 0.03 |
Any breastfeeding at 12 moi | 1069 (89.5) | 563 (90.1) | 506 (88.9) | 0.52 |
Early intro of NBMS, <6moh | 1640 (28.1) | 848 (28.0) | 792 (28.2) | 0.83 |
Household Characteristics | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
Hh size, mean (SD) | 6.2 (2.5) | 6.2 (2.5) | 6.2 (2.6) | 0.99 |
Household economic activity | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥僋辞苍别 | 341 (4.6) | 177 (4.7) | 164 (4.6) | 0.64 |
鈥僃补谤尘别谤 | 3738 (50.7) | 1926 (51.2) | 1812 (50.2) | 听 |
鈥僆nformal employment | 2140 (29.1) | 1067 (28.4) | 1073 (29.7) | 听 |
鈥僃ormal employment | 1148 (15.6) | 589 (15.7) | 559 (15.5) | 听 |
Food insecurityj | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥侨别肠耻谤别 | 1221 (16.3) | 613 (16.0) | 608 (16.6) | 0.21 |
鈥� Mild | 603 (8.1) | 291 (7.6) | 312 (8.5) | 听 |
鈥� Moderate | 2464 (32.9) | 1245 (32.6) | 1219 (33.3) | 听 |
鈥侨别惫别谤别 | 3197 (42.7) | 1672 (43.8) | 1525 (41.6) | 听 |
Household resiliencek | 2411 (39.3) | 1204 (38.4) | 1207 (40.2) | 0.16 |
Rural residence | 5113 (68.3) | 2606 (68.2) | 2507 (68.4) | 0.83 |
Improved sanitation | 听 | 听 | 听 | 听 |
鈥傾ccess to Drinking Water | 326 (9.5) | 149 (8.6) | 177 (10.3) | 0.09 |
鈥傾ccess to Safe Toilets | 742 (13.7) | 366 (13.3) | 376 (14.2) | 0.34 |
Essential hygiene practicesl | 421 (5.6) | 217 (5.7) | 204 (5.60) | 0.84 |
Safe food handlingm | 558 (7.5) | 290 (7.6) | 268 (7.3) | 0.65 |
Exposure to animals/animal feces in play area | 2707 (45.8) | 1379 (45.2) | 1328 (46.4) | 0.34 |