Table 1 Demographic, pregnancy history and ART treatment characteristics of the study participants
Variables | Category | Birth cohort year | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Total | |||
Age (years) N鈥�=鈥�1734 | 15鈥�24 | 18(32.7) | 68(18.2) | 72(18) | 58(19) | 76(22.2) | 46(18) | 338(19.5) | 0.001 |
25鈥�29 | 15(27.3) | 154(41.2) | 136(33.9) | 96(31.4) | 99(28.9) | 83(32.4) | 583(33.6) | 听 | |
30鈥�34 | 14(25.5) | 95(25.4) | 133(33.2) | 98(32) | 93(27.2) | 63(24.6) | 496(28.6) | 听 | |
>=35 | 8(14.5) | 57(15.2) | 60(15) | 54(17.6) | 74(21.6) | 64(25) | 317(18.3) | 听 | |
Study hospital location | Addis Ababa | 41(47.1) | 181(34.4) | 193(32.5) | 141(29.3) | 147(31.2) | 112(30.9) | 815(32.3) | 0.000 |
Oromia | 23(26.4) | 192(36.5) | 204(34.4) | 162(33.6) | 159(33.8) | 108(29.8) | 848(33.6) | 听 | |
SNNPR | 20(23) | 103(19.6) | 145(24.5) | 154(32) | 136(28.9) | 134(37) | 692(27.4) | 听 | |
Sidama | 3(3.4) | 50(9.5) | 51(8.6) | 25(5.2) | 29(6.2) | 8(2.2) | 166(6.6) | 听 | |
levels of hospital care | Primary | 0(0) | 20(3.8) | 58(9.8) | 43(8.9) | 32(6.8) | 40(11) | 193(7.7) | 0.000 |
General | 11(12.6) | 64(12.2) | 69(11.6) | 74(15.4) | 92(19.5) | 84(23.2) | 394(15.6) | 听 | |
Tertiary | 76(87.4) | 442(84) | 466(78.6) | 365(75.7) | 347(73.7) | 238(65.7) | 1934(76.7) | 听 | |
Gravidity N鈥�=鈥�1928 | 1 | 16(29.1) | 66(17.4) | 91(19.8) | 71(18.5) | 76(21.1) | 62(21.3) | 382(19.8) | 0.691 |
2鈥�4 | 35(63.6) | 277(72.9) | 319(69.5) | 279(72.8) | 250(69.4) | 198(68) | 1358(70.4) | 听 | |
>=5 | 4(7.3) | 37(9.7) | 49(10.7) | 33(8.6) | 34(9.4) | 31(10.7) | 188(9.8) | 听 | |
Parity N鈥�=鈥�1928 | 0 | 19(34.5) | 77(20.3) | 98(21.4) | 88(23) | 85(23.6) | 72(24.7) | 439(22.8) | 0.539 |
1 | 18(32.7) | 126(33.2) | 154(33.6) | 118(30.8) | 127(35.3) | 90(30.9) | 633(32.8) | 听 | |
2鈥�4 | 18(32.7) | 170(44.7) | 194(42.3) | 171(44.6) | 139(38.6) | 124(42.6) | 816(42.3) | 听 | |
>=5 | 0(0) | 7(1.8) | 13(2.8) | 6(1.6) | 9(2.5) | 5(1.7) | 40(2.1) | 听 | |
PMTCT care enrolment gestation | 1st trimester | 10(11.5) | 50(9.5) | 67(11.3) | 72(14.9) | 47(10) | 48(13.3) | 294(11.7) | 0.000 |
2nd trimester | 21(24.1) | 305(58) | 344(58) | 277(57.5) | 239(50.7) | 199(55) | 1385(54.9) | 听 | |
3rd trimester | 22(25.3) | 76(14.4) | 94(15.9) | 63(13.1) | 97(20.6) | 58(16.0) | 410(16.3) | 听 | |
Term pregnancy | 6(6.9) | 21(4) | 22(3.7) | 19(3.9) | 20(4.2) | 11(3) | 99(3.9) | 听 | |
Labor and delivery | 15(17.2) | 31(5.9) | 28(4.7) | 27(5.6) | 32(6.8) | 20(5.5) | 153(6.1) | 听 | |
Postpartum | 13(14.9) | 43(8.2) | 38(6.4) | 24(5) | 36(7.6) | 26(7.2) | 180(7.1) | 听 | |
WHO stage during enrolment | 1 | 84(96.6) | 510(97) | 575(97) | 473(98.1) | 449(95.3) | 351(97) | 2442(96.9) | 0.053 |
2 | 3(3.4) | 10(1.9) | 10(1.7) | 4(0.8) | 19(4) | 10(2.8) | 56(2.2) | 听 | |
3 | 0(0) | 3(0.6) | 7(1.2) | 5(1) | 3(0.6) | 1(0.3) | 19(0.8) | 听 | |
4 | 0(0) | 3(0.6) | 1(0.2) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 4(0.4) | 听 | |
Partner HIV status | Positive | 61(70.1) | 398(75.7) | 474(79.9) | 386(80.1) | 381(80.9) | 275(76) | 1975(78.3) | 0.002 |
Negative | 7(8) | 47(8.9) | 57(9.6) | 55(11.4) | 44(9.3) | 47(13.0) | 257(10.2) | 听 | |
Unknown | 19(21.8) | 81(15.4) | 62(10.5) | 41(8.5) | 46(9.8) | 40(11) | 289(11.5) | 听 | |
ART regimens during the PMTCT care | TDF鈥�+鈥�3TC鈥�+鈥塃FV only | 63(72.4) | 388(73.8) | 484(81.6) | 263(54.6) | 22(4.7) | 10(2.8) | 1230(48.8) | 听 |
TDF鈥�+鈥�3TC鈥�+鈥塃FV Switched to DTG | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 75(15.6) | 37(7.9) | 1(0.3) | 113(4.5) | 0.000 | |
TDF鈥�+鈥�3TC鈥�+鈥塂TG only | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 89(18.5) | 392(83.2) | 342(94.5) | 823(32.6) | 听 | |
Other ART regimens switched to DTG | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 8(1.7) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 8(0.3) | 听 | |
Other ART regimens only | 22(25.3) | 135(25.7) | 105(17.7) | 45(9.3) | 20(4.2) | 9(2.5) | 336(13.3) | 听 | |
Other ART regimens switched to EFV | 2(2.3) | 3(0.6) | 4(0.7) | 2(0.4) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 11(0.4) | 听 | |
ART initiation period | Pre-conception | 60(69) | 399(75.9) | 472(79.6) | 396(82.2) | 376(79.8) | 279(77.1) | 1982(78.6) | 0.02 |
1st trimester | 2(2.3) | 29(5.5) | 25(4.2) | 15(3.1) | 10(2.1) | 18(5) | 99(3.9) | 听 | |
2nd trimester | 7(8) | 49(9.3) | 45(7.6) | 36(7.5) | 34(7.2) | 33(9.1) | 204(8.1) | 听 | |
3rd trimester | 5(5.7) | 16(3) | 15(2.5) | 12(2.5) | 23(4.9) | 12(3.3) | 83(3.3) | 听 | |
Labor and delivery | 12(13.8) | 18(3.4) | 22(3.7) | 17(3.5) | 17(3.6) | 11(3) | 97(3.8) | 听 | |
Postpartum | 1(1.1) | 15(2.9) | 14(2.4) | 6(1.2) | 11(2.3) | 9(2.5) | 56(2.2) | 听 | |
Mode of delivery | Vaginal delivery | 74(85.1) | 465(88.4) | 505(85.2) | 412(85.5) | 398(84.5) | 304(84) | 2158(85.6) | 0.034 |
Emergency CS* | 5(5.7) | 51(9.7) | 66(11.1) | 55(11.4) | 58(12.3) | 40(11) | 275(10.9) | 听 | |
Elective CS | 8(9.2) | 10(1.9) | 22(3.7) | 15(3.1) | 14(3) | 16(4.4) | 85(3.4) | 听 | |
Instrumental | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(0.2) | 2(0.6) | 3(0.1) | 听 | |
Place of delivery | Study site hospital | 76(87.4) | 466(88.6) | 517(87.2) | 428(88.8) | 424(90) | 328(90.6) | 2239(88.8) | 0.009 |
Other healthcare facility | 6(6.9) | 51(9.7) | 66(11.1) | 52(10.8) | 43(9.1) | 32(8.8) | 250(9.9) | 听 | |
Home delivery | 5(5.7) | 9(1.7) | 10(1.7) | 2(0.4) | 4(0.8) | 2(0.6) | 32(1.3) | 听 | |
Infant feeding types N鈥�=鈥�2516 | Exclusive breastfeeding | 85(98.8) | 510(97.1) | 569(96.1) | 458(95.2) | 448(95.1) | 351(97.2) | 2421(96.2) | 0.628 |
Exclusive formula feeding | 1(1.2) | 14(2.7) | 20(3.4) | 21(4.4) | 22(4.7) | 9(2.5) | 87(3.5) | 听 | |
Mixed-feeding | 0(0) | 1(0.2) | 3(0.5) | 2(0.4) | 1(0.2) | 1(0.3) | 8(0.3) | 听 | |