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Table 1 Sociodemographic and economic characteristics of participants according to the prevalence of food insecurity and perceptions of the degree of social cohesion in the neighborhood (n = 400)

From: Association between social cohesion and food insecurity among adults living in a healthcare region in southern Brazil

ÌýÌý

Food Insecurity

Ìý

Social cohesion

Ìý

Variable

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Interquartile range

p-value

Sex

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

Male

100 (25.0%)

39 (39.0%)

0.007*a

18 (14–20)

0.849d

Female

300 (75.0%)

166 (55.3%)

Ìý

18 (14–20)

Ìý

Age (years)

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

19–49

202 (50.5%)

115 (56.9%)

Ìý

17 (14–19)

Ìý

50–59

110 (27.5%)

66 (56.4%)

p &±ô³Ù; 0.001*b

18 (15–21)

p &±ô³Ù; 0.001*a

&²µ³Ù; 60

88 (22.0%)

24 (27.3%)

Ìý

19 (16–22)

Ìý

Skin color

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

White

249 (62.3%)

121 (48.6%)

0.207a

18 (15–21)

0.111d

Black/brown/yellow

151 (37.8%)

84 (55.6%)

Ìý

17 (14–20)

Ìý

Education (n = 395)

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

ES incomplete

73 (18.3%)

45 (37.7%)

Ìý

18 (14–21)

Ìý

ES complete

73 (18.5%)

40 (54.8%)

0.004*b

17 (14–20)

0.328c

HS complete

146 (37.0%)

81 (75.4%)

Ìý

18 (14–20)

Ìý

UE complete

103 (26.1%)

38 (53.2%)

Ìý

18 (15–21)

Ìý

Marital Status

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

With partner

149 (37.3%)

69 (46.3%)

0.156a

17 (14–20)

0.025*b

Without a partner

251 (62.7%)

136 (54.2%)

Ìý

18 (15–21)

Ìý

Monthly income (n = 399)

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

Up to 2ÌýMW

134 (33.6%)

96 (71.6%)

Ìý

17 (14–20)

Ìý

3–5ÌýMW

193 (48.4%)

92 (47.7%)

p &±ô³Ù; 0.001*b

18 (15–21)

0.224c

> 5ÌýMW

72 (18.0%)

17 (23.6%)

Ìý

18 (15–21)

Ìý

Social benefit

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

None

201 (50.2%)

104 (51.7%)

Ìý

17 (14–19)

Ìý

BFP/CPB/others

52 (13.0%)

38 (26.7%)

0.001*b

18 (12–20)

p &±ô³Ù; 0.001*c

Retirement/pension

147 (36.8%)

63 (42.9%)

Ìý

19 (15–21)

Ìý

Employment relationship

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

Yes

245 (61.3%)

119 (48.6%)

0.213a

18 (14–20)

0.253d

No

155 (38.8%)

86 (55.5%)

Ìý

18 (15–21)

Ìý

Living area

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

Vulnerable

201 (51.2%)

125 (62.2%)

p &±ô³Ù; 0.001*a

18 (14–20)

0.095d

Not vulnerable

199 (49.8%)

80 (40.2%)

Ìý

18 (15–21)

Ìý

Neighborhood time (years)

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

&±ô³Ù; 10

134 (33.5%)

60 (44.8%)

Ìý

18 (14–21)

Ìý

10–28

130 (32.5%)

73 (56.2%)

0.161b

17 (13–20)

0.281c

≥â¶Ä‰29

136 (34.0%)

72 (52.95)

Ìý

18 (15–20)

Ìý

No. of residents in the household

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

1

ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý

2–3

66 (16.5%)

25 (37.9%)

Ìý

17 (15–21)

Ìý

&²µ³Ù; 3

195 (48.8%)

89 (45.6%)

p &±ô³Ù; 0.001*b

18 (15–21)

0.174c

Ìý

139 (34.8%)

91 (65.5%)

Ìý

17 (14–20)

Ìý

FI

ÌýÌý

-

ÌýÌý

Yes

205 (51,2%)

-

17 (13–20)

p &±ô³Ù; 0.001d

No

195 (48,8%)

Ìý

18 (15–21)

Ìý
  1. n, absolute frequency; %, relative frequency; MW, minimum wage; ES, elementary school; HS, high school; UE, university education; BFP, Bolsa Família Program; CPB, Continuing Payment Benefit; FI, Food Insecurity
  2. Superscript lowercase distinct letters: a – Yates continuity correction test; b – Pearson’s Chi-square test; c – Kruskal‒Wallis test for independent samples; and d – Mann‒Whitney U test for independent samples
  3. *Significance at p ≤ 0.05