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Child characteristics

Age of the child

6–11

1

1

12–18

0.54 (0.43, 0.67)

0.52 (0.42, 0.66)*

0.05

19–23

0.66 (0.49, 0.86)

0.63 (0.48, 0.83)*

0.08

Breastfeeding

Not currently

1

1

Currently breastfeeding

1.43 (1.10, 1.85)

1.39 (1.08, 1.81)*

0.18

Maternal and household characteristics

Maternal age

15–24

1

1

25–34

1.09 (0.86, 1.37)

1.14 (0.89, 1.43)

0.13

≥â¶Ä‰35

0.79 (0.59, 1.05)

0.86 (0.64, 1.14)

0.12

Maternal educational status

secondary and above

1

1

Primary

1.25 (0.96, 1.64)

1.47(1.12, 1.92)*

0.20

No formal education

1.19 (0.60, 1.19)

1.07 (0.75, 1.53

0.19

Maternal employment status

not employed

1

1

employed

0.79 (0.65, 0.97)

0.78 (0.64, 0.95)*

0.08

Father’s educational status

No formal education

1

1

Primary

0.78 (0.57, 1.06)

0.79 (0.58, 1.07)

0.12

Secondary

0.54 (0.37, 0.80)

0.55 (0.37, 0.80)*

0.10

Higher

0.47 (0.25, 0.89)

0.49 (0.26, 0.93)*

0.15

Household wealth index

Poor

1

1

Middle

1.34 (1.01, 1.78)

1.68 (1.24, 2.27)*

0.25

Rich

1.13 (0.83, 1.55)

1.89 (1.32, 2.73)*

0.35

Sex of household head

Male

1

1

Female

1.46 (1.10, 1.96)

1.52 (1.15, 2.01)*

0.21

Number of household member

2–4

1

5–8

1.15 (0.90, 1.46)

1.08 (0.85, 1.38)

0.13

&²µ³Ù; 8

1.14 (0.84, 1.55)

1.00 (0.73, 1.37)

0.16

Media exposure

No

1

1

Yes

0.63 (0.50, 0.79)

0.64 (0.51, 0.80)*

0.07

Last 6 months, mother received child feeding counseling

No

1

1

Yes

0.99 (0.78, 1.28)

0.98 (0.77, 1.26)

0.12

Community level characteristics

Community level educational status

Low community illiteracy

1

1

High community illiteracy

1.36 (0.99, 1.87)

1.35 (0.96, 1.89)

0.23

Community poverty level

Low community poverty

1

1

High community poverty

2.29 (1.55, 3.37)

3.14 (2.03, 4.87)*

0.70

Place of residence

Urban

1

1

Rural

0.91 (0.62, 1.34)

0.78 (0.52, 1.18)

0.16

Region

Central Zone

1

1

Western zone

1.13 (0.56, 2.26)

1.20 (0.59, 2.45)

0.43

Northern zone

0.80 (0.41, 1.54)

0.89 (0.46, 1.77)

0.31

Southern Highland Zone

0.92 (0.47, 1.80)

1.60 (0.79, 3.26)

0.58

Southern Zone

0.42 (0.19, 0.91)

0.59 (0.27, 1.31)

0.24

South West Highlands zone

1.64 (0.86, 3.13)

1.85 (0.95, 3.04)

0.62

Lake Zone

1.51 (0.85, 2.66)

1.70 (0.94, 3.04)

0.50

Eastern Zone

0.86 (0.46, 1.63)

1.06 (0.55, 2.04)

0.35

Zanzibar

1.36 (0.77, 2.38)

2.06 (1.15, 3.69)*

0.61