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Table 2 Unadjusted odds ratio of depression in the total sample

From: Low mental health literacy is associated with depression and anxiety among adults: a population-based survey of 16,715 adults in China

Variables, %

Ìý

Without depression

(N = 16073)

Depression

(N = 642)

OR (95%CI, P)

Age, yrs

18–44

6998 (94.4)

413 (5.6)

-

Ìý

45–64

5209 (97.4)

138 (2.6)

0.45 (0.37–0.54, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Ìý

65+

3866 (97.7)

91 (2.3)

0.40 (0.32–0.50, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Education level

Low

3344 (97.4)

91 (2.6)

-

Ìý

Intermediate

7670 (96.9)

242 (3.1)

1.16 (0.91–1.49, p = 0.236)

Ìý

High

5059 (94.2)

309 (5.8)

2.24 (1.78–2.86, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Sex

Male

7665 (96.6)

271 (3.4)

-

Ìý

Female

8408 (95.8)

371 (4.2)

1.25 (1.06–1.47, p = 0.007)

Marital status

Married

12,918 (97.1)

389 (2.9)

-

Ìý

Single

3155 (92.6)

253 (7.4)

2.66 (2.26–3.13, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Residence

Rural

6224 (96.9)

196 (3.1)

-

Ìý

Urban

9849 (95.7)

446 (4.3)

1.44 (1.21–1.71, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Income

&²µ³Ù;Â¥6,000

4130 (95.8)

182 (4.2)

-

Ìý

&±ô³Ù;Â¥3,500

7017 (96.4)

265 (3.6)

0.86 (0.71–1.04, p = 0.116)

Ìý

¥3,500 to ¥6,000

4926 (96.2)

195 (3.8)

0.90 (0.73–1.10, p = 0.308)

Smoking

No

12,656 (96.1)

507 (3.9)

-

Ìý

Yes

3417 (96.2)

135 (3.8)

0.99 (0.81–1.19, p = 0.888)

Alcohol use

No

14,555 (96.2)

573 (3.8)

-

Ìý

Yes

1518 (95.7)

69 (4.3)

1.15 (0.89–1.48, p = 0.270)

Chronic disease

No

10,184 (97.2)

293 (2.8)

-

Ìý

Yes

5889 (94.4)

349 (5.6)

2.06 (1.76–2.41, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Previous help-seeking behavior

No

13,380 (97.1)

397 (2.9)

-

Ìý

Yes

2693 (91.7)

245 (8.3)

3.07 (2.60–3.61, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Napping frequency, per week

5+

7864 (97.1)

239 (2.9)

-

Ìý

0

2535 (95.7)

113 (4.3)

1.47 (1.16–1.84, p = 0.001)

Ìý

1–2

2803 (95.3)

137 (4.7)

1.61 (1.30–1.99, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Ìý

3–4

2871 (94.9)

153 (5.1)

1.75 (1.42–2.15, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Sleep duration, hours

&²µ³Ù; 8

5904 (97.9)

125 (2.1)

-

Ìý

&±ô³Ù; 7

4355 (92.2)

367 (7.8)

3.98 (3.25–4.91, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)

Ìý

7–8

5814 (97.5)

150 (2.5)

1.22 (0.96–1.55, p = 0.107)

Mental health literacy

Adequate

1699 (98.2)

32 (1.8)

-

Ìý

Low

14,374 (95.9)

610 (4.1)

2.25 (1.60–3.29, p &±ô³Ù; 0.001)