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Table 3 Associations of HEI-2015 with All-cause and CVD mortality among participants in NHANES 2003–2018

From: Sex differences in association of healthy eating pattern with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality

Overall

Health Eating Index

P trend

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

 ≤ 40.4

40.5–48.4

48.5–57.1

 &²µ³Ù; 57.1

All-cause mortality

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 Model 1

Referent

1.19(1.08–1.32)

1.14(1.02–1.27)

1.23(1.11–1.37)

0.001

 Model 2

Referent

0.93(0.83–1.03)

0.77(0.69–0.86)

0.68(0.61–0.75)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Model 3

Referent

0.99(0.88–1.1)

0.85(0.75–0.95)

0.76(0.68–0.85)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

CVD mortality

 Model 1

Referent

1.2(0.99–1.45)

1.19(0.97–1.47)

1.21(0.98–1.5)

0.115

 Model 2

Referent

0.89(0.72–1.09)

0.75(0.62–0.92)

0.6(0.49–0.75)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Model 3

Referent

0.95(0.77–1.18)

0.83(0.68–1.01)

0.69(0.55–0.85)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

Females

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

P trend

 ≤ 41.2

41.3–49.4

49.5–58.3

 &²µ³Ù; 58.3

All-cause mortality

 Model 1

Referent

1.11(0.95–1.3)

1.03(0.88–1.21)

1.13(0.96–1.34)

0.27

 Model 2

Referent

0.84(0.72–0.98)

0.66(0.57–0.76)

0.61(0.51–0.73)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Model 3

Referent

0.89(0.76–1.05)

0.72(0.62–0.84)

0.66(0.55–0.8)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

CVD mortality

 Model 1

Referent

1.02(0.79–1.31)

0.97(0.74–1.25)

1.07(0.79–1.46)

0.738

 Model 2

Referent

0.74(0.57–0.95)

0.58(0.45–0.74)

0.53(0.39–0.73)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Model 3

Referent

0.79(0.6–1.04)

0.66(0.5–0.87)

0.62(0.44–0.87)

0.006

Males

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

P trend

 ≤ 39.5

39.6–47.3

47.4–55.9

 &²µ³Ù; 55.9

All-cause mortality

 Model 1

Referent

1.29(1.09–1.53)

1.3(1.08–1.57)

1.39(1.19–1.63)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Model 2

Referent

1.01(0.86–1.19)

0.89(0.75–1.06)

0.74(0.64–0.86)

 &±ô³Ù; 0.001

 Model 3

Referent

1.07(0.91–1.26)

0.99(0.83–1.19)

0.85(0.73–0.99)

0.012

CVD mortality

 Model 1

Referent

1.37(1.01–1.86)

1.46(1.08–1.99)

1.45(1.1–1.92)

0.012

 Model 2

Referent

1.02(0.75–1.4)

0.93(0.68–1.26)

0.69(0.52–0.92)

0.003

 Model 3

Referent

1.07(0.79–1.46)

1(0.75–1.33)

0.77(0.57–1.03)

0.033

  1. Data are weighted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
  2. Model 1: unadjusted variables
  3. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex (for all participants only), race/ethnicity, education, and family income-to-poverty ratios
  4. Model 3: Model 2 + smoking status, drinking status, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, HDL cholesterol, TG, TC, eGFR, energy intake, protein intake, and fat intake