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Association between HEI-2015 and all-cause and CVD mortality among participants in NHANES 2003–2018. Multivariate adjusted associations of HEI-2015 with all-cause mortality (A) and CVD mortality (B) were shown for all participants. Multivariable-adjusted association of HEI-2015 with all-cause mortality (C) and CVD mortality (D) were shown by sex overall. HRs were adjusted for age, sex (for all participants only), race/ethnicity, education, and family income-to-poverty ratios, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, HDL cholesterol, TG, TC, eGFR, energy intake, protein intake, and fat intake. The solid red/blue/orange lines correspond to the estimates, and the shaded regions indicate the 95% confidence intervals