Estimating the impact of metabolic syndrome on low back pain and the joint effects of metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms on low back pain: insights from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Table 3 The risk of low back pain according to metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms

听	Cross-sectional	Longitudinal
听	OR (95% CI)	Cases, No.	Incidence Rate, per 1000 person-Years	HR (95% CI)
MetS ^a	听	听	听	听
No	1.00 [Reference]	729	67.08	1.00 [Reference]
Yes	0.85 (0.74鈥�0.97) *	979	68.31	0.91 (0.82鈥�1.02)
Combined MetS and DS ^b	听	听	听	听
狈辞惭别迟厂鈥�+鈥塏辞顿厂	1.00 [Reference]	451	54.58	1.00 [Reference]
狈辞惭别迟厂鈥�+鈥塂厂	2.31 (1.94鈥�2.75) ***	278	106.73	1.74 (1.49鈥�2.03) ***
惭别迟厂鈥�+鈥塏辞顿厂	0.75 (0.62鈥�0.90) **	657	57.97	0.92 (0.81鈥�1.06)
惭别迟厂鈥�+鈥塂厂	2.16 (1.81鈥�2.59) ***	322	107.40	1.55 (1.32鈥�1.82) ***

Abbreviation DS, depressive symptoms; OR, odds ratio; HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval; MetS, metabolic syndrome; DS, depressive symptoms
^a Adjusted for age, sex, residence, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, social activity, functional disability, number of chronic diseases, body mass index, and depressive symptoms
^b Adjusted for age, sex, residence, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, social activity, functional disability, number of chronic diseases, and body mass index
*P <0.05,听**P鈥�<鈥�0.01, ***P鈥�&濒迟;鈥�0.001

ISSN: 1471-2458