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Healy et al. (2019) [34]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

1008

6–17

Autism spectrum disorder

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (17.34%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (65.81%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (56.53%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 12.28%; 1: 43.83%; 2: 38.85%; 3: 5.64%)

Haegele et al. (2020) [59]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

561

Male (44.1%)

Female (55.9%)

10–17

(13.80 ±â¶Ä‰2.33)

Visual impairments

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (18.70%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (73.20%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (50.70%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 10.60%; 1: 44.40%; 2: 39.10%; 3: 5.80%)

Healy et al. (2020) [58]

Ireland

Cross-sectional quantitative study

36

Male (88.9%)

Female (11.1%)

9

Autism spectrum disorder

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (41.70%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (58.30%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (77.80%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 0.00%; 1: 38.90%; 2: 44.40%; 3: 16.70%)

Arbour-Nicitopoulos et al. (2021) [60]

Canada

Cross-sectional quantitative study

54

Male (40.7%)

Female (59.3%)

12–21

(17.4 ±â¶Ä‰2.8)

Visual impairment, Cerebral palsy,

Spinal cord injury, Muscular dystrophy, Neuromuscular disorder,

Amputation,

and other

Self-reports

Self-reports

Self-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (55.50%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (13.00%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (53.70%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 18.50%; 1: 44.50%; 2: 33.30%; 3, 3.70%)

Brown et al. (2021) [61]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

8554

Male (62.7%)

Female (37.3%)

6–17

(11.5)

Neurodevelopmental disorders

(Deafness,

Blindness,

Cerebral palsy,

Down syndrome, Developmental delay,

Intellectual disability, Learning disability,

Autism spectrum disorder,

Attention deficit disorder/ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,

Epilepsy,

Tourette syndrome,

Speech disorder)

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (21.20%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (47.60%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (57.60%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 21.00%; 1: 40.20%; 2: 30.10%; 3: 8.70%)

Brown and Ronen (2021) [62]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

663

Male (49.5%)

Female (50.5%)

6–17

(11.27)

Epilepsy

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (16.30%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (43.90%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (60.50%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 20.10%; 1: 45.60%; 2: 28.70%; 3: 5.60%)

Haegele et al. (2021) [63]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

3582

Male (65.3%)

Female (34.7%)

10–17 (13.25 ± 2.27)

Not mentioned, participants receiving special education services

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (20.90%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (66.30%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (59.20%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 11.90%; 1: 38.00%; 2: 42.00%; 3: 8.10%)

Li et al. (2022) [35]

Seven-country (Brazil,

Finland,

Hong Kong,

Mainland China,

Singapore,

South Korea,

and the United States)

Cross-sectional quantitative study

Total: n = 1165;

Male (75.6%)

Female (24.4%)

Brazil: n = 228; Male (87.3%)

Female (12.7%)

Finland: n = 278

Male (66.5%)

Female (33.5%)

Hong Kong, China: n = 96

Male (88.5%) Female (11.5%)

Mainland China n = 186

Male (82.3%)

Female (17.7%)

Singapore: n = 89

Male (79.8%) Female (20.2%)

South Korea: n = 202

Male (61.9%) Female (38.1%)

United States: n = 86

Male (73.3%) Female (26.7%)

10–17 (13.08 ± 2.18)

Brazil (13.01 ± 2.09)

Finland (13.34 ± 2.06)

Hong Kong (13.50 ± 2.50)

Mainland China (12.43 ± 2.15)

Singapore (13.20 ± 2.62)

South Korea (13.01 ± 2.06)

United States (13.34 ± 2.01)

Autism spectrum disorder

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

Total

1) Meets PA recommendations (7.20%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (46.40%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (55.90%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 21.50%; 1: 49.40%; 2: 27.00%; 3: 2.00%)

Brazil

1) Meets PA recommendations (3.90%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (20.20%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (61.00%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 28.10%; 1: 60.10%; 2: 10.50%; 3: 1.30%)

Finland

1) Meets PA recommendations (9.40%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (27.70%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (68.00%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 22.70%; 1: 52.50%; 2: 21.90%; 3: 2.90%)

Hong Kong

1) Meets PA recommendations (6.30%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (44.80%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (50.00%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 27.10%; 1: 44.80%; 2: 28.10%; 3: 0.00%)

Mainland China

1) Meets PA recommendations (15.10%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (76.90%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (45.20%)

4) Number of recommendations met

5) (0: 11.80%; 1: 44.60%; 2: 38.20%; 3: 5.40%)

Singapore

1) Meets PA recommendations (7.90%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (43.80%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (43.80%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 33.70%; 1: 39.30%; 2: 24.70%; 3: 2.20%)

South Korea

1) Meets PA recommendations (1.50%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (81.20%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (51.50%)

4) Number of recommendations met

5) (0: 10.4%; 1: 45.00%; 2: 44.60%; 3: 0.00%)

United States

1) Meets PA recommendations (5.80%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (32.60%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (55.80%)

4) Number of recommendations met

5) (0: 29.10%; 1: 47.70%; 2: 23.30%; 3: 0.00%)

Wang et al. (2022) [64]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

634

Male (70.7%)

Female (29.3%)

10–17 (13.76 ± 2.20)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

Parental proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (17.80%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (43.80%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (61.70%)

4) Number of recommendations met

5) (0: 18.10%; 1: 46.80%; 2: 28.50%; 3: 6.50%)

Xu and Qi (2022) [56]

Mainland China

Cross-sectional quantitative study

99

Male (64.65%)

Female (35.35%)

7–17

(12.7 ±â¶Ä‰2.84)

Autism spectrum disorder

Accelerometer

Parental proxy-reports

Accelerometer

1) Meets PA recommendations (32.30%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (52.50%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (65.70%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 13.10%; 1: 39.40%; 2: 31.20%; 3: 16.20%)

Kong et al. (2023) [42]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

956

Male (78.61%)

Female (21.39%)

6–17 (11.98 ± 3.81)

Autism spectrum disorder

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

Parental/caregiver proxy-reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (20.80%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (31.87%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (53.09%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 26.97%; 1: 45.34%; 2: 22.65%; 3: 5.04%)

Taylor et al. (2023) [32]

United States

Cross-sectional quantitative study

3470

Male (69.55%)

Female (30.45%)

6–17

(11.97 ±â¶Ä‰3.48)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Caregiver proxy- reports

Caregiver proxy- reports

Caregiver proxy- reports

1) Meets PA recommendations (20.01%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (35.24%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (52.64%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 27.56%; 1: 42.67%; 2: 24.09%; 3: 5.68%)

Xu and Wang (2023) [57]

Mainland China

Cross-sectional quantitative study

319

Male (62.07%)

Female (37.93%)

6–17

(12.93 ±â¶Ä‰3.31)

Intellectual disability

Accelerometers

Parental proxy-reports

Accelerometers

1) Meets PA recommendations (33.54%)

2) Meets ST recommendations (54.23%)

3) Meets SD recommendations (75.55%)

4) Number of recommendations met

(0: 8.15%; 1: 37.91%; 2: 36.38%; 3: 17.55%)