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Table 1 Maternal characteristics in urban and rural areaÌý(n = 437)

From: Risk factors for low birth weight among rural and urban Malaysian women

Characteristics

Urban

(n = 199)

Rural

(n = 238)

p-value

Age (years)a

29.54 (4.76)

29.19 (5.23)

0.44

Gestational age at study visit, (weeks)a

30.46 (5.52)

30.19 (5.82)

0.62

 Second Trimester (≥20–26 weeks)Ìý(%)

49 (24.62)

75 (31.51)

0.11

 Third Trimester (≥27 weeks)Ìý(%)

150 (75.38)

163 (68.49)

Ìý

ParityÌý(%)

 0

91 (45.7)

79 (33.2)

0.01*

 1–2

57 (28.6)

70 (29.4)

Ìý

 â¶Ä‰â‰¥â€‰3

51 (25.6)

89 (37.4)

EthnicityÌý(%)

 M²¹±ô²¹²â

145 (72.9)

182 (76.5)

0.02*

 C³ó¾±²Ô±ð²õ±ð

26 (13.1)

12 (5.0)

 I²Ô»å¾±²¹²Ô

28 (14.1)

44 (18.5)

Marital StatusÌý(%)

 M²¹°ù°ù¾±±ð»å

195 (98)

237 (99.6)

0.06

â€ÇȾ±²Ô²µ±ô±ð/°Â¾±»å´Ç·É±ð»å

4 (2)

1 (0.4)

Education LevelÌý(%)

 Primary School

4 (2)

10 (4.2)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001*

 Secondary School

70 (35.2)

133 (55.9)

 Tertiary School

125 (62.8)

95 (39.9)

Monthly Household Income (%)b

 Low (< RM2500)

58 (29.1)

143 (60.1)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001*

 Middle (RM2500-RM5599)

105 (52.8)

77 (32.4)

 High (≥ RM5600)

36 (18.1)

18 (7.6)

OccupationÌý(%)

 Managers & Professional

57 (28.6)

36 (15.1)

&±ô³Ù; 0.001*

 Technician, Associate Professional, Clerical, Sales Workers

79 (39.7)

59 (24.8)

 Agricultural, Forestry, Fishery, Craft Workers, Plant and Machine Operators

6 (3)

10 (4.2)

 U²Ô±ð³¾±è±ô´Ç²â±ð»å

57 (28.6)

133 (55.9)

  1. aReported in Mean (SD); LMP Last menstrual period, RM Ringgit Malaysia (1 USD = RM4.04);
  2. bBased on the cut-off of 11th Malaysia Plan 2016–2020; * Significance value at p &±ô³Ù; 0.05