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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status and intelligence quotient (IQ) of children aged 5.0 to 12.9 years

From: Low socioeconomic status and severe obesity are linked to poor cognitive performance in Malaysian children

Ìý

Unweighted count (n)

Estimated population

Percentage (%)

95% CI

Mean

SE

All

2406

3,548,653

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

Age (years)

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

9.0

0.1

Sex

 B´Ç²â²õ

1201

1,823,998

51.4

48.7, 54.0

ÌýÌý

 G¾±°ù±ô²õ

1205

1,724,655

48.6

46.0, 51.3

ÌýÌý

Age groups

 5.0–6.9 y±ð²¹°ù²õ

631

865,374

24.3

22.3, 26.6

ÌýÌý

 7.0–9.9 y±ð²¹°ù²õ

892

1,339,714

37.8

35.3, 40.3

ÌýÌý

 10.0–12.9 y±ð²¹°ù²õ

883

1,343,566

37.9

35.2, 40.6

ÌýÌý

Residence

 U°ù²ú²¹²Ô

1440

2,833,601

79.9

78.0, 81.5

ÌýÌý

 R³Ü°ù²¹±ô

966

715,052

20.1

18.5, 22.0

ÌýÌý

Income groups

 Below MYR1500

863

1,104,249

31.1

28.7, 33.7

ÌýÌý

 M³Û¸é1500-²Ñ³Û¸é2299

434

707,382

19.9

17.8, 22.2

ÌýÌý

 M³Û¸é2300-²Ñ³Û¸é5599

712

1,111,841

31.3

29.0, 33.8

ÌýÌý

 MYR5600 and above

397

625,182

17.7

15.7, 19.7

ÌýÌý

Paternal education level

 Non-schooling and primaryÌýschool

221

281,450

7.9

6.5, 9.7

ÌýÌý

 Secondary school

1577

2,290,524

64.6

62.0, 67.1

ÌýÌý

 Tertiary school

608

976,680

27.5

25.2, 29.9

ÌýÌý

Maternal education level

 Non-schooling and primary school

193

248,762

7.0

5.7, 8.7

ÌýÌý

 Secondary school

1604

2,354,731

66.4

63.8, 68.8

ÌýÌý

 Tertiary school

609

945,161

26.6

24.4, 29.0

ÌýÌý

Ethnicity

 M²¹±ô²¹²â

1148

2,098,763

59.1

56.6, 61.6

ÌýÌý

 C³ó¾±²Ô±ð²õ±ð

593

682,464

19.2

17.5, 21.1

ÌýÌý

 I²Ô»å¾±²¹²Ô

172

236,120

6.7

5.5, 8.0

ÌýÌý

 O³Ù³ó±ð°ù²õ

493

531,307

15.0

13.4, 16.6

ÌýÌý

Anthropometry

 Weight (kg)

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

31.0

0.4

 Height (cm)

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

130.2

0.4

 Body mass index (BMI)(kg/m2)

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

17.6

0.1

 BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ)

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

0.2

0.1

 Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ)

ÌýÌýÌýÌý

−0.4

0.1

Nutritional status

 T³ó¾±²Ô²Ô±ð²õ²õ

161

244,094

6.9

5.6, 8.5

ÌýÌý

 Normal weight

1548

2,245,077

63.3

60.6, 65.8

ÌýÌý

 O±¹±ð°ù·É±ð¾±²µ³ó³Ù

314

462,766

13.0

11.3, 15.0

ÌýÌý

 O²ú±ð²õ±ð

270

423,983

11.9

10.2, 14.0

ÌýÌý

 Severe obesity

113

172,734

4.9

3.9, 6.0

ÌýÌý

â€ÇȳٳܲԳٱð»å

158

213,483

6.0

4.9, 7.4

ÌýÌý

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

 L´Ç·É/²ú´Ç°ù»å±ð°ù±ô¾±²Ô±ð

324

433,580

12.2

10.6, 14.0

ÌýÌý

 Below average

307

485,845

13.7

11.8, 15.8

ÌýÌý

â€Çã±¹±ð°ù²¹²µ±ð

913

1,388,445

39.1

36.6, 41.8

ÌýÌý

 High average

451

651,509

18.4

16.5, 20.4

ÌýÌý

â€Çȳܱè±ð°ù¾±´Ç°ù

411

589,275

16.6

14.8, 18.6

ÌýÌý
  1. IQ categories: < 80, low/borderline; 80–90, below average; 90–109, average; 110–119, high average; ≥ 120, superior
  2. Other ethnic groups include Sarawak bumiputra, Sabah bumiputra, and other bumiputra
  3. ǂUSD 1 = MYR 4.1405 (as at 28 September 2018)