Table 4 Surveillance recommendations for the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years
Movement Behaviour | Specific guideline recommendation for a healthy day | Specific surveillance recommendation | Rationale for specific surveillance recommendation | Recommendation for minimum inclusion in overall guideline surveillancea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age category | ||||
鈥働hysical activity | ||||
鈥冣赌僆苍蹿补苍迟蝉 (aged <1 year) | Being physically active several times in a variety of ways, particularly through interactive floor-based play; more is better | None | Currently there are no available benchmarks, further research is required. | 鉁� b |
For those not yet mobile, this includes at least 30 min of tummy time spread throughout the day while awake | Average total tummy time per day is 鈮�30 min while awakec | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical tummy time per day in their analyses. An average allows for some normal day-to-day variability. | 鉁� | |
鈥冣赌僒辞诲诲濒别谤蝉 (aged 1鈥�2 years) | At least 180 min spent in a variety of physical activities at any intensity, including energetic play, spread throughout the day; more is better | Average total physical activity per day is 鈮�180 min with at least some energetic play (MVPA)c | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical physical activity per day in their analyses. An average allows for some normal day-to-day variability. There are currently no benchmarks for the recommended duration of energetic play in this age group. | 鉁� |
鈥冣赌働谤别蝉肠丑辞辞濒别谤蝉 (aged 3鈥�4 years) | At least 180 min spent in a variety of physical activities spread throughout the day | Average total physical activity per day is 鈮�180 minutesc | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical physical activity per day in their analyses. | 鉁� |
of which at least 60 min is energetic play; more is better | Average MVPA per day is 鈮�60 minutesc | An average allows for some normal day-to-day variability. | 鉁� | |
鈥僑edentary behaviour | ||||
鈥冣赌僆苍蹿补苍迟蝉 | Screen time is not recommended | A typical day includes no screen timed | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical screen time per day in their analyses. | 鉁� |
Not being restrained for more than 1 h at a time (e.g., in a stroller or high chair) | Time spent restrained is 鈮�1 h at a timee | Empirical evidence substantiating this threshold is lacking though this threshold is aligned with earlier guidelines and has met with stakeholder and end-user acceptance (Tremblay et al., 2012)f. | ||
When sedentary, engaging in pursuits like reading and storytelling with a caregiver is encouraged | None | Currently there are no available benchmarks, further research is required. | ||
鈥冣赌僒辞诲诲濒别谤蝉 | For those younger than 2 years, sedentary screen time is not recommended | A typical day includes no sedentary screen timed | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical sedentary screen time per day in their analyses. | 鉁� |
For those aged 2 years, sedentary screen time should be no more than 1 h; less is better | Average sedentary screen time per day is 鈮�1 hourc | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical sedentary screen time per day in their analyses. An average allows for some day-to-day variability in sedentary screen time. | 鉁� | |
Not being restrained for more than 1 h at a time (e.g., in a stroller or high chair) or sitting for extended periods | Time spent restrained is 鈮�1 h at a timee | Empirical evidence substantiating this threshold is lacking though this threshold is aligned with earlier guidelines and has met with stakeholder and end-user acceptance (Tremblay et al., 2012)f. Currently there are no available benchmarks to be more specific for 鈥渟itting for extended periods鈥�, further research is required. | ||
When sedentary, engaging in pursuits like reading and storytelling with a caregiver is encouraged | None | Currently there are no available benchmarks, further research is required. | ||
鈥冣赌働谤别蝉肠丑辞辞濒别谤蝉 | Sedentary screen time should be no more than 1 h; less is better | Average sedentary screen time per day is 鈮�1 hourc | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical sedentary screen time per day in their analyses. An average allows for some day-to-day variability in sedentary screen time. | 鉁� |
Not being restrained for more than 1 hour at a time (e.g., in a stroller or car seat) or sitting for extended periods | Time spent restrained is 鈮�1 hour at a timee | Empirical evidence substantiating this threshold is lacking though this threshold is aligned with earlier guidelines and has met with stakeholder and end-user acceptance (Tremblay et al., 2012)f. Currently there are no available benchmarks to be more specific for 鈥渟itting for extended periods鈥�, further research is required. | ||
When sedentary, engaging in pursuits like reading and storytelling with a caregiver is encouraged | None | Currently there are no available benchmarks, further research is required. | ||
鈥侨濒别别辫 | ||||
鈥冣赌僆苍蹿补苍迟蝉 | 14 to 17 h (for those aged 0鈥�3 months) of good quality sleep, including naps | Average total sleep duration per 24 h is 14 to 17 hoursc | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical sleep duration per 24 h in their analyses. An average allows for some normal day-to-day variability. | 鉁� |
12 to 16 h (for those aged 4鈥�11 months) of good quality sleep, including naps | Average total sleep duration per 24 h is 12 to 16 hoursc | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical sleep duration per 24 h in their analyses. An average allows for some normal day-to-day variability. | 鉁� | |
鈥冣赌僒辞诲诲濒别谤蝉 | 11 to 14 h of good quality sleep, including naps | Average total sleep duration per 24 h is 11 to 14 hoursc | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical sleep duration per 24 h in their analyses. An average allows for some normal day-to-day variability. | 鉁� |
Consistent bed and wake-up times | Bedtime and wake-up time should not typically vary by more than 卤30 min including on weekendsg | Although the empirical support for a specific surveillance recommendation is weak (Allen et al., 2016)h, we propose that sleep schedules (bedtime and wake-up times) should not vary by more than 卤30 min each. | ||
鈥冣赌働谤别蝉肠丑辞辞濒别谤蝉 | 10 to 13 h of good quality sleep, which may include a nap | Average total sleep duration per 24 h is 10 to 13 hoursc | The evidence upon which the guideline is based is predominantly comprised of studies that used average or typical sleep duration per 24 h in their analyses. An average allows for some normal day-to-day variability. | 鉁� |
Consistent bed and wake-up times | Bedtime and wake-up time should not typically vary by more than 卤30 min including on weekendsg | Although the empirical support for a specific surveillance recommendation is weak (Allen et al., 2016)h, we propose that sleep schedules (bedtime and wake-up times) should not vary by more than 卤30 min each. | ||